Quick answer
You can report sexual abuse to local law enforcement (call 911 for emergencies or the non-emergency line otherwise), to the institution where it occurred, or confidentially to the RAINN National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-4673. Reporting to police is never required to pursue a civil claim, and you control how far any report goes.
The steps
Get to safety and preserve evidence
If the assault was recent, try not to shower, change clothes, or clean up before a medical exam; a SANE (Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner) can collect evidence and treat injuries confidentially.
Call a confidential hotline first
The RAINN hotline (800-656-4673) is free, 24/7, and anonymous. A trained advocate can explain your local options before you decide anything.
Decide whether to report to police
A police report can start a criminal case, but it is your choice. You can also request a forensic exam without filing a report in most states.
Consider an institutional report
If abuse happened at a school, workplace, church, or care facility, that institution likely has a duty to investigate, and a written report creates a record.
Talk to a civil attorney about your rights
Civil claims are separate from criminal cases and can proceed even without a police report or conviction. Most consultations are free.
Remember: deadlines and rules differ by state. Before deciding anything is too late, check your state’s current law, see rights by state, or talk to a survivor-focused attorney for free.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. This guide is general educational information. Laws vary by state and change often, so confirm the specifics of your situation with a licensed attorney. Most sexual abuse attorneys consult for free.
Reporting to police or a hotline is free. Civil attorneys who handle survivor cases typically work on contingency, meaning no upfront cost and a fee only if your case recovers compensation.
Often yes. Hotlines are anonymous, and many civil cases can be filed under a pseudonym (Jane or John Doe) with court privacy protections. Ask an attorney about options in your state.
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